1、 Basic Information of Standards
GB 4943.1-2022 "Audio, Video, Information Technology, and Communication Technology Equipment Part 1: Security Requirements" is a mandatory national standard that was released on July 19, 2022 and officially implemented on August 1, 2023, replacing the old versions of GB 4943.1-2011 and GB 8898-2011. The modification of this standard adopts the international standard IEC 62368-1:2018 (Third Edition), and introduces technical differences based on the actual situation of China's geographical environment, climate conditions, and power supply system. This standard has always been the core testing basis for mandatory product certification (CCC certification).
2、 Scope of application
The standard is applicable to audio and video, information technology, and communication technology equipment with a rated voltage not exceeding 600V, covering complete machines and supporting products such as computers, monitors, printers, televisions, speakers, mobile phones, routers, switches, power adapters, etc. The new version of the standard has achieved the integration of "three standards", with a significantly expanded coverage compared to the old version.
3、 Core concept: Energy classification based on hazardous sources
Unlike the old version that classified equipment by category, the new standard adopts the concept of safety engineering to classify energy sources, identify hazards from six aspects, and propose protection requirements and testing methods: electrical injuries, electrical fires, injuries caused by harmful substances, mechanical injuries, thermal burns, and sound and light radiation. Electric energy sources are classified according to PS1/PS2/PS3, and different protection requirements are determined based on this.
4、 Overview of main testing items
Electrical safety testing: including electrical clearance and creepage distance, insulation resistance and electrical strength, grounding continuity, contact current and contact voltage, electric shock protection (judgment of touchable parts), protective conductors, etc.
Fire protection detection: including power source (PS) and potential ignition source (PIS) classification, material flame retardant level (such as V-0, V-1, etc.), flammability test of fire protection shell, fire protection under single fault conditions, and fire protection of internal wiring and connecting additional equipment.
Mechanical safety testing: including shell mechanical strength (10N/30N/100N/250N constant force test, impact test), drop test, equipment stability, sharp edge protection, moving parts protection, handle strength, CRT explosion-proof, etc.
Thermal and radiation detection: including touchable surface temperature limits, laser radiation (refer to IEC 60825), LED light radiation, X-rays, sound pressure level limits (especially important for long-term close use headphones and other equipment), etc.
Battery and new requirements: The new standard focuses on strengthening battery safety, including overcharge protection, temperature protection, shell fire prevention, fall protection, and measures to prevent metal objects such as key necklaces from short circuiting; At the same time, requirements have been added for foreign object recognition of wireless power transmitters, button battery devices, outdoor equipment, and other aspects.
Test condition category: Each test is usually conducted under normal working conditions, abnormal working conditions, and single fault conditions to verify the safety of the equipment under various working conditions.
5、 Testing process and judgment
The testing generally follows the path of "determining the energy source classification → verifying the structure and components (key components require corresponding certification) → applying various tests → measurement and judgment". The judgment criteria are based on the limit values and qualification criteria specified in each clause, such as the contact current not exceeding the specified value, insulation not breaking down in the electrical strength test, material flame retardancy reaching the specified level, and no fire or electric shock hazard caused by abnormal and single fault conditions.
Overall, GB 4943.1-2022 testing focuses on hazard identification and energy classification, covering comprehensive safety verification from electric shock, fire to machinery, heat, and radiation. It is a necessary step for electronic products to enter the domestic market for CCC certification and market supervision spot checks.
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